see my Article in my new website about diabetes ; diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus 'DM' is a chronic metabolic disease, that cannot be cured, but can be treated, characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar (Fasting glucose >1.26 g/L or 7 mmol/l)
Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and lower limb amputation. According to the World Health Organization, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, and 1.6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes every year.
We can prevent diabetes by physical activity, quit smoking, and eating healthy Food
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (the most common)
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus .. etc
In this topic, we’re going to talk about the most common ones (type 1 and type 2)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or insulin-dependent occurs in childhood or adult time, secondary to auto-destruction of beta-cells that produce the insulin in our body .
Insulin helps to control blood sugar levels, so an insulin deficit will cause an increase in the levels of blood sugar.
Patients with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injection to control their blood sugar.
Type 2 Diabetes or non-insulin dependent occurs more often in people who are over 40 years old. It is progressive and caused by a resistance to the action of the insulin or an insulin inefficiency, which means that the body makes insulin but it isn’t used properly or there is not enough insulin.
Patients with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral glucose-lowering medications or insulin injections, associated with weight management and exercise to bring the blood sugar under control.
The type 1 diabetes we may have:
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Hunger
- Nausea and vomiting
The type 2 diabetes may be asymptomatic ( without symptoms ) or may have:
- Excessive urination, thirst and hunger
- Urinary infections manifested by hematuria, or a painful urination
- Fatigue
- Vulvar itching
- Heart attack
- Brain stroke
- Kidney failure
- Blindness
- Lower limp necrosis that leads to amputation
- Sexual dysfunction
- Overweight
- Physical inactivity
- Genes and family history (parent or brother/sister with diabetes)
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Having another autoimmune disease
- Smoking
- Injury of the pancreas (accident, surgery, infection or tumor)
- Race (African-Americans, Alaska natives, American Indians, Asian Americans)
- Stress
Aim to have a balanced diet by basing meals around vegetables, fruits, legumes such as beans and peas, low-fat dairy product, such as milk and cheese
Avoid consuming alcohol because it may increase your blood pressure, and triglyceride levels, and can lead to weight gain
Type of physical activity: Aerobic exercise (such as walking, bicycling, or jogging) or resistance exercise with weights, weight machines
Diabetes is a major public health problem due to its complications and the increase in its prevalence worldwide , Diabetes can be prevented by Healthy Life.
Written by Dr. Bouhaltit Nizar
Medical Doctor
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| Image: Blood Sugar with Glucometer |
Diabetes Mellitus 'DM' is a chronic metabolic disease, that cannot be cured, but can be treated, characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar (Fasting glucose >1.26 g/L or 7 mmol/l)
Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and lower limb amputation. According to the World Health Organization, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, and 1.6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes every year.
We can prevent diabetes by physical activity, quit smoking, and eating healthy Food
What is Diabetes
DM has several types of diabetes:- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (the most common)
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus .. etc
In this topic, we’re going to talk about the most common ones (type 1 and type 2)
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin helps to control blood sugar levels, so an insulin deficit will cause an increase in the levels of blood sugar.
Patients with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injection to control their blood sugar.
Type 2 Diabetes
Patients with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral glucose-lowering medications or insulin injections, associated with weight management and exercise to bring the blood sugar under control.
Diabetes Symptoms
differs from a type to another :The type 1 diabetes we may have:
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Hunger
- Nausea and vomiting
The type 2 diabetes may be asymptomatic ( without symptoms ) or may have:
- Excessive urination, thirst and hunger
- Urinary infections manifested by hematuria, or a painful urination
- Fatigue
- Vulvar itching
Diabetes Complications
If it’s not treated, Diabetes may lead to complications as :- Heart attack
- Brain stroke
- Kidney failure
- Blindness
- Lower limp necrosis that leads to amputation
- Sexual dysfunction
Diabetes Causes
- Age (the risk increases with age)- Overweight
- Physical inactivity
- Genes and family history (parent or brother/sister with diabetes)
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Having another autoimmune disease
- Smoking
- Injury of the pancreas (accident, surgery, infection or tumor)
- Race (African-Americans, Alaska natives, American Indians, Asian Americans)
- Stress
Diabetes Prevention
Diabetes can be prevented by Having Healthy Life (only diabetes type 2 can be prevented, type 1 is an auto-immune disease and can’t be prevented)1- Diet
First thing, you need to cut out sugary food (chocolate, donuts, etc..) and drinks (soda) and refined carbs (candy, white beards, etc...)Aim to have a balanced diet by basing meals around vegetables, fruits, legumes such as beans and peas, low-fat dairy product, such as milk and cheese
Avoid consuming alcohol because it may increase your blood pressure, and triglyceride levels, and can lead to weight gain
2- Physical activity
Performing physical activity regularly can increase insulin secretion and sensitivity, which may help prevent diabetes and lower your blood pressureType of physical activity: Aerobic exercise (such as walking, bicycling, or jogging) or resistance exercise with weights, weight machines
3- Quit smoking
Smoking is strongly linked to the risk of diabetes. Quitting has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes over time (smokers are twice likely to develop diabetes as non-smokers)4- See your doctor for regular check-ups
As you get older, it’s a good idea to regularly check your blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood cholesterol levelsDiabetes is a major public health problem due to its complications and the increase in its prevalence worldwide , Diabetes can be prevented by Healthy Life.
Written by Dr. Bouhaltit Nizar
Medical Doctor
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